A közösségi média a fogyasztó társadalom terméke. Lélektani okok és következmények

Auteurs

  • Erzsébet Németh

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.46522/S.2024.02.3

Mots-clés :

social media

Résumé

Social Media as a Product of Consumer Society: Psychological Causes and Consequences
Social media platforms act as market forces competing for our time, attention, and data—essentially, this is how we “pay” for their services. However, this comes at a significant cost. This study seeks to explore the psychological phenomena that social media exploits to achieve its business objectives and examines the psychological consequences of these practices, as reflected in international research. The paper aims to help understand why and how excessive use of social media, while supporting ego-defense mechanisms, leads to addiction, anxiety, and disturbances in self-image. It investigates the causes of aggressive tendencies associated with social media usage and examines how superficial and rapid information consumption reshapes cognitive processing systems, including attention, memory, and decision-making processes. Additionally, the study reviews the communicative phenomena and social-psychological impacts that accompany excessive social media use, such as social comparison, changes in patterns of social behavior, cyberbullying, echo chambers, opinion bubbles, lack of empathy, and cancel culture, as well as their effects on users’ mental and physical health.

Références

ALBERT, F., DAVID, B., HAJDU, G. és HUSZTI, É., 2020. Egocentric Contact Networks of Older Adults: Featuring Quantity, Strength and Function of Ties, The Sociological Quarterly, Vol. 62 No 4, 623–642. https://doi.org/10.1080/00380253.2020.1787111

ALLOWAY, T. P. és ALLOWAY, R. G., 2012. The impact of engagement with social networking sites (SNSs) on cognitive abilities, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 28 No. 5, 1748–1754.

ARONSON, E és ARONSON, J., 2023. A társas lény. Bővített, átdolgozott kiadás. HVG Könyvek, 554 old.

ASCH, S. E., 1956. Studies of independence and conformity: A minority of one against a unanimous majority. Psychological Monographs: General and Applied, Vol. 70 No. 9, 1–70. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093718

BANDURA, A., 1977. Social Learning Theory. Prentice-Hall.

BAWDEN, D. és ROBINSON, L., 2009. The dark side of information: Overload, anxiety and other paradoxes and pathologies. Journal of Information Science, Vol. 35 No. 2, 180–191.

BÓDI Z., 2020. Digitális identitás – nyelvi identitás – digitális kommunikációs környezet. Információs Társadalom: Társadalomtudományi Folyóirat, Vol. 20 No. 3, 7–26.

BUCKELS, E. E., TRAPNELL, P. D. és PAULHUS, D. L., 2014. Trolls just want to have fun. Personality and Individual Differences, 67, 97–102.

BUDA B., 1993. Empátia ... a beleélés lélektana. Budapest: Ego School Bt.

BUDA B., 1994. A közvetlen emberi kommunikáció szabályszerűségei (3. átdolgozott és bővített kiadás). Budapest: Animula.

BURKEMAN, O., 2017. The Antidote: Happiness for People Who Can’t Stand Positive Thinking. Faber & Faber.

BURROW, A. L. és RAINONE, N., 2017. How many likes did I get?: Purpose moderates links between positive social media feedback and self-esteem. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 69, 232–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2016.09.005

CAJOCHEN, C., 2007. Alerting effects of light. Sleep Medicine Reviews, Vol. 11 No. 6, 453–464.

CARR, N., 2010. The shallows: What the Internet is doing to our brains. W. W. Norton & Company.

CHRISTAKIS, D. A., 2009. The effects of infant media usage: What do we know and what should we learn? Acta Paediatrica, Vol. 98 No. 1, 8–16.

CLARK, H. H., 1996. Using language. Cambridge University Press.

CRYSTAL, D., 2011. Internet linguistics: A student guide. Routledge.

DOLLARD, J., DOOB, L. W., MILLER, N. E., MOWRER, O. H. és SEARS, R. R., 1939. Frustration and Aggression. Yale University Press.

ELLISON, N. B., STEINFIELD, C. és LAMPE, C., 2007. The benefits of Facebook “friends”: Social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Vol. 12 No. 4, 1143–1168.

ERIKSON, E. H., 1968. Identity: Youth and Crisis. Norton.

FARDOULY, J., DIEDRICHS, P. C., VARTANIAN, L. R. és HALLIWELL, E., 2015. Social comparisons on social media: The impact of Facebook on young women’s body image concerns and mood. Body Image, No. 13, 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.12.002

FESTINGER, L., 1957. A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance. Stanford University Press.

FREUND T., 2024. XXI. Század Intézet Mozgásban című műsora interjú [online]. Elérhető: https://infostart.hu/tudomany/2024/01/20/freund-tamas-katarzissal-vedekezhetunk-a-tulzott-informacioaradat-ellen.

GROSS, J. J., 2002. Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, Vol 39 No. 3, 281–291. https://doi.org/10.1017.S0048577201393198

HAMMOND, J., Brig. Gen, 2023. Has loneliness become a national security issue? [online] https://www.militarytimes.com/opinion/2023/05/31/has-loneliness-become-a-national-security-issue/

HARRIS, T., 2018. The Attention Economy and the End of Privacy. Harvard Business Review, Vol. 96 No. 1, 22–35.

JUNCO, R., 2012. The relationship between frequency of Facebook use, participation in Facebook activities, and student engagement. Computers & Education, Vol. 58 No. 1, 162–171.

KIETZMANN, J. H., HERMKENS, K., McCARTHY, I. P. és SILVESTRE, B. S., 2011. Social media? Get serious! Understanding the functional building blocks of social media. Business Horizons, Vol. 54 No. 3, 241–251.

KOWALSKI, R. M. és LIMBER, S. P., 2007. Electronic bullying among middle school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, Vol. 41 No. 6, S22–S30.

KOWALSKI, R. M., GIUMETTI, G. W., SCHROEDER, A. N. és LATTANNER, M. R., 2014. Bullying in the digital age: A critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 140 No. 4, 1073–1137. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035618

KRAMER, A. D., GUILLORY, J. E. és HANCOCK, J. T., 2014. Experimental evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111 No. 24, 8788–8790. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1320040111

KRAUT, R., PATTERSON, M., LUNDMARK, V., KIESLER, S., MUKOPHADHYAY, T. és SCHERLIS, W., 1998. Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, Vol. 53 No. 9, 1017–1031. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.9.1017

KROSS, E., VERDUYN, P., DEMIRALP, E., PARK, J., LEE, D. S., LIN, N., ... és YBARRA, O., 2013. Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-being in young adults. PloS one, Vol. 8 No. 8, e69841. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069841

LIN, L. Y., SIDANI, J. E., SHENSA, A., RADOVIC, A., MILLER, E., COLDITZ, J. B., ... és PRIMACK, B. A., 2016. Association between social media use and depression among U.S. young adults. Depression and Anxiety, Vol. 33 No. 4, 323–331. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22466

MÉSZÁROS A. és NÉMETH E., 2007. A szociálpszichológia alapjai. A Budapesti Kommunikációs és Üzleti Főiskola tankönyve.

MILGRAM, S., 1963. Behavioral study of obedience. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, Vol. 67 No. 4, 371–378. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0040525

MONTAG, C., LACHMANN, B., HERRLICH, M. és ZWEIG, K., 2017. Addictive features of social media/messenger platforms and freemium games against the background of psychological and economic theories. International journal of environmental research and public health, Vol. 16 No. 14, 2612. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142612

NÉMETH E., 2009. A személyes hatékonyság fejlesztése. Budapesti Kommunikációs és Üzleti Főiskola.

NG, E., 2020. No Grand Pronouncements Here...: Reflections on Cancel Culture and Digital Media Participation. Television & New Media, Vol. 21 No. 6, 621–627. https://doi.org/10.1177/1527476420918828

OPHIR, E., NASS, C. és WAGNER, A. D., 2009. Cognitive control in media multitaskers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 106 No. 37, 15583–15587.

PARISER, E., 2011. The filter bubble: What the Internet is hiding from you. Penguin Press.

PERLOFF, R. M., 2014. Social media effects on young women’s body image concerns: Theoretical perspectives and an agenda for research. Sex Roles, Vol. 71 No. 11-12, 363–377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-014-0384-6

PREECE, J. és SHNEIDERMAN, B., 2009. The Reader-to-Leader Framework: Motivating Technology-Mediated Social Participation. AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction, Vol. 1 No. 1, 13–32.

PRIMACK, B. A., SHENSA, A., SIDANI, J. E., WHAITE, E. O., LIN, L. Y., ROSEN, D., ... és MILLER, E., 2017. Social media use and perceived social isolation among young adults in the US. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Vol. 53 No. 1, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.01.010

PRZYBYLSKI, A. K., MURAYAMA, K., DEHAAN, C. R. és GLADWELL, V., 2013. Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 29 No. 4, 1841–1848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.02.014

STROUD, N. J., 2010. Polarization and partisan selective exposure. Journal of Communication, Vol. 60 No. 3, 556–576. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2010.01497.x

SULER, J., 2004. The online disinhibition effect. CyberPsychology & Behavior, Vol. 7 No. 3, 321–326. https://doi.org/10.1089/1094931041291295

SUNSTEIN, C. R., 2018. #Republic: Divided Democracy in the Age of Social Media. Princeton University Press.

TAGG, C., 2015. Exploring digital communication: Language in action. Routledge.

TARI A., 2015. #yz Generációk online. Tercium Könyvkiadó.

VAIDHYANATHAN, S., 2018. Antisocial Media: How Facebook Disconnects Us and Undermines Democracy. Oxford University Press.

VALKENBURG, P. M., PETER, J. és SCHOUTEN, A. P., 2006. Friend networking sites and their relationship to adolescents’ well-being and social self-esteem. CyberPsychology & Behavior, Vol. 9 No. 5, 584–590. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9.584

VOGEL, E. A., ROSE, J. P., ROBERTS, L. R. és ECKLES, K., 2014. Social comparison, social media, and self-esteem. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, Vol. 3 No. 4, 206–222. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000047

VOLKOW, N. D., 2018. The Brain on Social Media. Scientific American. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-brain-on-social-media/

VOSOUGHI, S., ROY, D. és ARAL, S., 2018. The spread of true and false news online. Science, Vol. 359 No. 6380, 1146–1151.

WALKER, M. P., 2009. The role of sleep in cognition and emotion. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Vol. 1156 No. 1, 168–197.

WALTHER, J. B., 1996. Computer-mediated communication: Impersonal, interpersonal, and hyperpersonal interaction. Communication Research, Vol. 23 No. 1, 3–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365096023001001

WOODS, H. C. és SCOTT, H., 2016. #Sleepyteens: Social media use in adolescence is associated with poor sleep quality, anxiety, depression and low self-esteem. Journal of Adolescence, No. 51, 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.05.008

ZUBOFF, S., 2019. The Age of Surveillance Capitalism: The Fight for a Human Future at the New Frontier of Power. PublicAffairs.

ESZTER, é.n. A 10 legfinomabb zöldturmix [online], 21 nap alatt. Elérhető: https://www.21napalatt.hu/a-10-legfinomabb-zoldturmix/

Téléchargements

Publiée

2024-10-26

Comment citer

Németh , E. (2024) « A közösségi média a fogyasztó társadalom terméke. Lélektani okok és következmények », Symbolon, 25(2 (47), p. 39–60. doi: 10.46522/S.2024.02.3.